Compact Objects in Astrophysics
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북카드
This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the physical processes behind compact objects in astrophysics, covering the field from the beginning to most recent results, including all relevant observations. It uses the modern 3+1 split approach to Einstein's equations and to relativistic hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics, which is used to derive the structure equations for rapidly rotating neutron stars and Black Holes.
1. Compact Objects in Astrophysics.- 2. Gravity of Compact Objects.- 3. Matter Models for Compact Objects.- 4. Relativistic Stellar Structure.- 5. White Dwarfs.- 6. Neutron Stars.- 7. Rapidly Rotating Neutron Stars.- 8. Black Holes.- 9. Astrophysical Black Holes.- 10. Physics of Accretion Flows around Compact Objects.- Solutions.- References.- Index.
"Camenzind's Compact Objects in Astrophysics gives a comprehensive introduction and up-to-date overview about the physical processes behind these objects, covering the field from the beginning to most recent results, including all relevant observations. This modern treatise of compact object astrophysics uses the 3+1 split approach to Einstein's equations, and to relativistic hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics. In each chapter problems and solutions help deepen the understanding of the subject. Both advanced students and researchers will appreciate this book as an advanced textbook and reference on this field of astrophysics."--BOOK JACKET.
작가정보
저자(글) Camenzind, Max
목차
Compact Objects in Astrophysics p. 1 Why is Newtonian Gravity Obsolete? p. 1 Einstein was Skeptical about the Existence of Black Holes p. 3 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and Compact Objects p. 4 Classes of Compact Objects p. 5 White Dwarfs and Neutron Stars p. 8 Compact X-Ray Sources p. 9 Radio Pulsars p. 11 Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Centers p. 16 Gamma-Ray Bursters p. 19 Problems p. 25 Gravity of Compact Objects p. 27 Geometric Concepts and General Relativity p. 27 The Basic Principles of General Relativity p. 29 Einstein's Equivalence Principle and Metricity p. 29 Metric Theories of Gravity p. 33 Basic Calculus on Manifolds p. 37 Tensors and Forms on Manifolds p. 37 The Metric Field and Pseudo-Riemannian Manifolds p. 42 The Calculus of Forms on Lorentzian Manifolds p. 44 Affine Connection and Covariant Derivative p. 47 Affine Connection p. 47 Covariant Derivative of Vector Fields p. 47 Covariant Derivative for Tensor Fields p. 48 Parallel Transport and Metric Connection p. 50 Metric Connection p. 52 Divergence of Vector Fields p. 55 Curvature of Pseudo-Riemannian Manifolds p. 56 Mathematical Definition of Torsion and Curvature p. 57 Bianchi Identities for Metric Connection p. 58 Ricci, Weyl and Einstein Tensor p. 60 Cartan's Structure Equations p. 61 Gravity is a Lorentzian Connection on Spacetime p. 65 The Four Key Principles of General Relativity p. 65 The Hilbert Action and Einstein's Field Equations p. 68 On the Cosmological Constant p. 69 Limits of General Relativity p. 71 Gravitational Waves p. 73 The Geodesic Deviation - Relativistic Tidal Forces p. 73 Gravity Wave Experiments p. 74 The Nature of Gravitational Waves p. 76 Degrees of Freedom p. 79 Gravitational Wave Solutions p. 83 The Quadrupole Formula p. 87 3+1 Split of Einstein's Equations p. 91 Induced Spatial Metric and Extrinsic Curvature p. 92 Hypersurface Embedding p. 93 Split of Affine Connection and Curvature p. 95 Split of Einstein's Equations p. 98 Black Hole Simulations and Gravitational Waves p. 100 Problems p. 101 Matter Models for Compact Objects p. 105 General Relativistic Hydrodynamics p. 105 Relativistic Plasma Equations p. 106 On Numerics of Hydrodynamics p. 110 The Boltzmann Equation in GR p. 113 The Geodesics Spray on the Cotangent Bundle p. 113 Particle Number Current and Energy-Momentum Tensor p. 116 The Relativistic Boltzmann Equation p. 117 Liouville Operator in 3+1 Split p. 118 Transformation into the Local Rest Frame p. 119 Problems p. 120 Relativistic Stellar Structure p. 123 Spacetime of Relativistic Stars p. 123 Derivation of the TOV Equations p. 125 The Curvature of Static Spacetimes p. 125 Matter in the Interior p. 127 The Exterior Schwarzschild Solution p. 130 Stable Branches for Degenerate Stars p. 131 Metric for Relativistic Stars p. 131 A Variational Principle for the Stellar Structure p. 132 Problems p. 134 White Dwarfs p. 137 Observations of Isolated White Dwarfs p. 138 Sirius B p. 138 Field White Dwarfs and Classification p. 139 White Dwarfs in Globular Clusters p. 143 Magnetic White Dwarfs p. 143 Ultracool White Dwarfs as Cosmochronometers p. 145 What is Inside a White Dwarf? p. 151 Equation of State below the Neutron Drip Density p. 153 Structure of White Dwarfs and the Chandrasekhar Mass p. 159 Polytropic Approximation p. 160 Beyond the Chandrasekhar Treatment p. 162 Comparison with Observations p. 162 The Relativistic Instability of White Dwarf Stars p. 167 Necessary Condition for Stability p. 168 The Total Energy in the Post-Newtonian Limit p. 169 GR White Dwarf Instability p. 171 Cooling White Dwarfs p. 174 Structure of the Surface Layers p. 175 Cooling Curves and Crystallization p. 177 Testing WD Crystallization Theory p. 179 White Dwarfs in Binary Systems p. 180 Problems p. 185 Neutron Stars p. 187 The Structure of a Neutron Star p. 188 Equations of State beyond Neutron Drip p. 189 From Neutron Drip to Saturation p. 190 Nuclear EoS for Dense Neutron Matter p. 199 Relativistic Mean Field Theory above Saturation p. 206 Analytical Fits to EoS p. 216 Neutron Star Models p. 219 Hadronic Models p. 219 Quark Matter Cores p. 224 Grand Canonical Potential for Quark Matter p. 231 Strange Quark Stars p. 241 The Structure of Massive Neutron Stars p. 242 Neutron Stars in Close Binary Systems p. 244 Post-Newtonian Potentials for Many-Body Systems p. 244 Periastron Shift in Two-Body Systems p. 248 The Shapiro Time Delay in a Binary System p. 250 Decay of Binary Orbits due to Gravitational Radiation p. 251 Masses of Neutron Stars from Radio Pulsar Timing p. 255 What is Pulsar Timing? p. 255 The Timing Formula p. 259 Timing of the Binary System PSR B1913+16 p. 263 Masses of Companion Stars p. 264 The Double Pulsar System PSR 0737-3039A+B p. 265 Neutron Stars in our Galaxy p. 269 100 Million Neutron Stars in the Galaxy p. 269 Thermal Emission from Isolated Neutron Stars p. 272 Rotation-Powered Pulsars p. 284 Accretion-Powered Neutron Stars and the Mass-Radius Relation p. 294 Problems p. 303 Rapidly Rotating Neutron Stars p. 307 Spacetime of Stationary and Axisymmetric Rotating Bodies p. 308 Physical Interpretation of the Metric p. 309 Geodetic and Lense-Thirring Precession p. 312 On General 3+1 Split of Spacetime p. 315 Einstein's Field Equations for Rotating Objects p. 317 Ricci Tensors of Time-Slices p. 318 Extrinsic Curvature and 4D Ricci Tensors p. 319 3+1 Split of Einstein's Equations p. 320 Stellar Structure Equations in Isotropic Gauge p. 321 The Isotropic Gauge p. 321 Structure Equations for Rotating Stars p. 322 Mechanical Equilibrium and Effective Potential p. 324 Stellar Parameters p. 326 The Slow-Rotation Approximation p. 332 Numerical Integration of the Stellar Structure Equations p. 335 Comparison of Numerical Codes p. 337 Properties of Rotating Equilibrium Stellar Structures p. 338 Towards Analytical Vacuum Solutions for Rotating Neutron Stars p. 342 Weyl-Papapetrou Form p. 342 Ernst Equations p. 343 Manko's Solution p. 345 On Oscillation and Formation of Rotating Neutron Stars p. 350 Problems p. 353 Black Holes p. 355 The Schwarzschild Black Hole p. 355 Tortoise Coordinates and Null Cones p. 356 Roads towards Black Hole Formation p. 358 The Kruskal Extension p. 359 Penrose Diagram - the Conformal Structure of Infinity p. 363 Geodetic Motions in Schwarzschild Spacetime p. 369 A Lagrangian p. 369 The Effective Potential for Equatorial Motion p. 371 Orbital Equation and Bound Orbits in Schwarzschild Spacetime p. 373 The Kerr Black Hole p. 378 Kerr Black Hole in Boyer-Lindquist Coordinates p. 379 A Short Derivation of the Kerr Solution p. 379 The Weyl-Papapetrou Form of the Kerr Metric p. 384 Uniqueness of the Kerr Solution p. 385 Global Properties of the Ken Metric p. 386 On the Conformal Structure of the Kerr Solution p. 393 Ernst's Equations for the Kerr Geometry p. 394 The Kerr-Schild Metric and Two-Black-Hole States p. 395 Rotational Energy and the Four Laws of Black Hole Evolution p. 399 Surface Gravity and Angular Velocity of the Horizon p. 400 First Law of Black Hole Dynamics p. 402 Rotational Energy of Astrophysical Black Holes p. 405 On the Second and Third Laws of Black Hole Dynamics p. 406 Time Evolution of Black Holes p. 408 Quasistationary Evolution of Accreting Black Holes p. 408 Merging of Black Holes p. 411 Geodesics in the Kerr Geometry p. 412 Direct Integration of Geodesics Equations p. 414 Geodesies in the Equatorial Plane p. 416 Geodesics Including Lateral Motion p. 424 Null Geodesics and Ray-Tracing in Kerr Geometry p. 431 Dark Energy Stars p. 442 Why Dark energy Stars? p. 442 Structure of Gravastars p. 443 The Necessity of an Anisotropic Crust p. 445 Problems p. 446 Astrophysical Black Holes p. 449 Classes of Astrophysical Black Holes p. 450 Measuring Black Hole Masses p. 451 BHs in X-Ray Binaries p. 451 Intermediate-Mass Black Holes p. 456 Supermassive Black Holes in Nearby Galaxies p. 456 Black Holes in Quasars p. 468 Estimating Black Hole Spin p. 470 Black Hole Spin and Radio Galaxies p. 471 Spectral Fitting of Accretion Disks p. 471 Relativistic Iron Lines p. 472 Quasiperiodic Oscillations p. 472 Black Holes and Galaxy Formation p. 472 Black Hole Magnetospheres p. 473 The 3+1 Formalism for Maxwell's Equations p. 474 Plasma Equations in the 3+1 Split p. 478 Time Evolution of Magnetic and Current Flux in Turbulent Disks p. 480 Stationary Magnetospheres on Kerr Black Holes p. 486 Relaxation of Black Hole Magnetospheres and the Blandford-Znajek Process p. 499 Magnetic Spin-Down of Rotating Black Holes p. 509 Problems p. 511 Physics of Accretion Flows around Compact Objects p. 513 Angular Momentum Transport p. 514 Magnetohydrodynamics for Accretion Disks p. 517 Equations of Magnetohydrodynamics p. 517 Time and Space Discretization p. 523 MRI Driven Turbulence in Disks p. 525 Two-Temperature Plasmas and Radiation Pressure in Accretion Disks p. 533 States of Turbulent Accretion Disks p. 537 Turbulent Angular Momentum Transport in Accretion Disks p. 538 Truncated Accretion and Standard Disk Models in ID p. 540 Standard Thin Disk Solutions (SSD) p. 545 Advection-Dominated Flows (ADAF) p. 551 Super-Eddington Accretion p. 552 Unified Models of Disk Accretion p. 553 Fundamental Time-Scales for Accreting Black Holes p. 555 Relativistic MHD - Turbulent Accretion onto Black Holes p. 558 From SRMHD to GRMHD p. 558 The Equations for GRMHD p. 559 Nonradiative Accretion onto Rotating Black Holes p. 563 Jets and the Ergosphere p. 565 Jets as Outflows from the Ergospheric Region p. 566 From the Ergosphere to the Cluster Gas p. 572 Problems p. 575 Epilogue and Future Prospects p. 579 Astrophysical Constants and Symbols p. 587 SLy4 Equation of State for Neutron Star Matter p. 591 3+1 Split of Spacetime Curvature p. 595 Gauss Decomposition p. 595 Codazzi-Mainardi Equations p. 596 3+1 Split of Rotating Neutron Star Geometry p. 599 The 3+1 Split of the Connection p. 599 The Curvature of Time Slices p. 601 Equations of GRMHD p. 605 Electromagnetic Fields p. 605 Conservative Formulation of GRMHD p. 607 Numerical Schemes p. 609 Solutions p. 613 Glossary p. 641 References p. 657 Index p. 675 Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.
기본정보
ISBN | 9783540257707 ( 3540257705 ) |
---|---|
발행(출시)일자 | 2007년 02월 15일 |
쪽수 | 679쪽 |
크기 |
165 * 239
* 33
mm
/ 1306 g
|
총권수 | 1권 |
언어 | 영어 |
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