Frontiers in Electromagnetics
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Preface p. xxi List of Contributors p. xxiii Geometry, Topology, and Groups Fractal Electrodynamics: Surfaces and Superlattices p. 1 Introduction p. 1 Background p. 1 Overview p. 2 Introduction to Fractals p. 3 What are Fractals? p. 3 Fractal Dimension p. 7 Fractals and Their Construction p. 9 Lacunarity p. 12 Fractals and Waves p. 15 Scattering from Fractal Surfaces p. 15 Problem Geometry p. 16 Approximate Scattering Solution p. 17 Exact Scattering Solution p. 22 Reflection from Cantor Superlattices p. 29 Problem Geometry p. 30 Doubly Recursive Solution p. 30 Results p. 32 Fractal Descriptors: Imprinting and Extraction p. 37 Observations on Superlattice Scattering p. 41 Conclusion p. 42 References p. 42 Fractal-Shaped Antennas p. 48 Introduction p. 48 Fractals, Antennas, and Fractal Antennas p. 50 Main Fractal Properties p. 50 Why Fractal-Shaped Antennas? p. 54 Multifrequency Fractal-Shaped Antennas p. 59 The Equilateral Sierpinski Antenna p. 59 Variations on the Sierpinski Antenna p. 67 Fractal Tree-Like Antennas p. 78 Small Fractal Antennas p. 81 Some Theoretical Considerations p. 81 The Small but Long Koch Monopole p. 83 Conclusion p. 90 References p. 91 The Theory and Design of Fractal Antenna Arrays p. 94 Introduction p. 94 The Fractal Random Array p. 96 Background and Motivation p. 96 Sample Design of a Fractal Random Array and Discussion p. 98 Aperture Arrays or Diffractals p. 100 Calculation of Radiation Patterns p. 101 Symmetry Relations p. 102 Cartesian Diffractals p. 103 Cantor Ring Diffractals p. 113 Fractal Radiation Pattern Synthesis Techniques p. 122 Background p. 122 Weierstrass Linear Arrays p. 123 Fourier-Weierstrass Line Sources p. 130 Fourier-Weierstrass Linear Arrays p. 137 Weierstrass Concentric-Ring Planar Arrays p. 140 Fractal Array Factors and Their Role in the Design of Multiband Arrays p. 142 Background p. 142 Weierstrass Fractal Array Factors p. 144 Koch Fractal Array Factors p. 153 Deterministic Fractal Arrays p. 163 Cantor Linear Arrays p. 164 Sierpinski Carpet Arrays p. 170 Cantor Ring Arrays p. 176 The Concentric Circular Ring Sub-Array Generator p. 181 Theory p. 181 Examples p. 184 Conclusion p. 200 References p. 200 Target Symmetry and the Scattering Dyadic p. 204 Introduction p. 204 Reciprocity p. 208 Symmetry Groups for Target p. 208 Target Symmetry p. 210 Symmetry in General Bistatic Scattering p. 211 Symmetry in Backscattering p. 212 Symmetry in Forward-Scattering p. 216 Symmetry in Low-Frequency Scattering p. 222 Preliminaries for Self-Dual Targets p. 226 Duality p. 227 Scattering by Self-Dual Target p. 228 Backscattering by Self-Dual Target p. 229 Forward-Scattering by Self-Dual Target p. 231 Low-Frequency Scattering by Self-Dual Target p. 233 Conclusion p. 234 References p. 235 Complementary Structures in Two Dimensions p. 237 Introduction p. 237 Quasi-Static Boundary Value Problems in Two Dimensions p. 238 Two-Dimensional Complementary Structures p. 240 Lowest-Order Self-Complementary Rotation Group: C[subscript 2c] Symmetry p. 241 N-Fold Rotation Axis: C[subscript N] Symmetry p. 243 Self-Complementary Rotation Group: C[subscript Nc] Symmetry p. 247 Reciprocation of Two-Dimensional Structures p. 250 Reflection Self-Complementarity p. 254 Conclusion p. 255 References p. 256 Topology in Electromagnetics p. 258 Introduction p. 258 Magnetic Field Helicity p. 262 Solar Prominence Helicity p. 263 Twist, Kink, and Link Helicity p. 265 Helicity and the Asymptotic Hopf Invariant p. 270 Magnetic Energy in Multiply Connected Domains p. 276 Gauge Invariance p. 282 Conclusion p. 282 The Classical Hopf Invariant p. 284 References p. 286 The Electrodynamics of Torus Knots p. 289 Introduction p. 289 Theoretical Development p. 291 Background p. 291 Electromagnetic Fields of a Torus Knot p. 294 The Torus Knot EFIE p. 299 Special Cases p. 302 Small Knot Approximation p. 302 The Canonical Unknot p. 304 Elliptical Torus Knots p. 304 Background p. 304 Electromagnetic Fields p. 307 Additional Special Cases p. 308 Circular Torus Knots p. 308 Small-Knot Approximation p. 309 Small-Knot Approximations for Circular Torus Knots p. 311 Small-Knot Approximation p. 312 Circular Loop and Linear Dipole p. 319 Results p. 320 Conclusion p. 325 Appendix p. 326 References p. 327 Optimization and Estimation Biological Beamforming p. 329 Biological Beamforming p. 329 Genetic Algorithm Beamforming p. 330 Low Sidelobe Phase Tapers p. 332 Phase-Only Adaptive Nulling p. 335 Adaptive Algorithm p. 337 Adaptive Nulling Results p. 339 Neural Network Beamforming p. 344 Neural Networks p. 345 Direction Finding p. 346 Analogy Between the Neural Network and the Butler Matrix p. 346 Single-Source DF: Comparison to Monopulse p. 352 Multiple-Source Direction Finding p. 357 Neural Network Beamsteering p. 358 Network Architecture for Beamsteering p. 358 The Experimental Phased-Array Antenna p. 360 Experimental Beamsteering Results in a Clean Environment p. 360 Neural Beamsteering in the Presence of a Near-Field Scatterer p. 364 References p. 368 Model-Order Reduction in Electromagnetics Using Model-Based Parameter Estimation p. 371 Background and Motivation p. 371 Waveform-Domain and Spectral-Domain Modeling p. 373 Selecting a Fitting Model p. 376 Sampling First-Principle Models and Observables in the Waveform Domain p. 377 Waveform-Domain Function Sampling p. 377 Waveform-Domain Derivative Sampling p. 380 Combining Waveform-Domain Function Sampling and Derivative Sampling p. 381 Sampling First-Principle Models and Observables in the Spectral Domain p. 384 Spectral-Domain Function Sampling p. 384 Spectral-Domain Derivative Sampling p. 386 Adapting and Optimizing Sampling of the GM p. 387 Initializing and Updating the Fitting Models p. 391 Application of MBPE to Spectral-Domain Observables p. 391 Non-Adaptive Modeling p. 392 Adaptive Modeling p. 395 Filtering Noisy Spectral Data p. 399 Estimating Data Accuracy p. 399 Waveform-Domain MBPE p. 402 Radiation-Pattern Analysis and Synthesis p. 403 Adaptive Sampling of Far-Field Patterns p. 404 Inverse Scattering p. 407 Other EM Fitting Models p. 407 Antenna Source Modeling Using MBPE p. 408 MBPE Applied to STEM p. 409 MBPE Application to a Frequency-Domain Integral Equation, First-Principles Models p. 410 The Two Application Domains in Integral-Equation Modeling p. 413 Formulation-Domain Modeling p. 414 Using Spectral MBPE in the Solution Domain p. 424 Observations and Concluding Comments p. 427 Estimating Data Rank p. 429 Using the Matrix Pencil to Estimate Waveform-Domain Parameters p. 431 References p. 433 Adaptive Decomposition in Electromagnetics p. 437 Introduction p. 437 Adaptive Decomposition p. 438 Overdetermined Dictionaries p. 440 Physics-Based Dictionaries p. 441 Data-Based Dictionaries p. 443 Solution Algorithms p. 443 Method of Frames p. 444 Best Orthogonal Basis p. 444 Basis Pursuit p. 445 Matching Pursuit p. 448 Reweighted Minimum Norm p. 450 Applications p. 453 Scattering Decomposition for Inverse Problems p. 454 Decompositions for Data Filtering p. 460 Current Decomposition for Forward Problems p. 468 Conclusion p. 470 References p. 470 Analytical Methods Lommel Expansions in Electromagnetics p. 474 Introduction p. 474 The Cylindrical Wire Dipole Antenna p. 476 The Cylindrical Wire Kernel p. 478 The Uniform Current Vector Potential and Electromagnetic Fields p. 481 The Thin Circular Loop Antenna p. 486 An Exact Integration Procedure for Near-Zone Vector Potentials of Thin Circular Loops p. 489 Examples p. 490 A Generalized Series Expansion p. 509 Applications p. 514 Conclusion p. 519 References p. 520 Fractional Paradigm in Electromagnetic Theory p. 523 Introduction p. 523 What is Meant by Fractional Paradigm in Electromagnetic Theory? p. 524 A Recipe for Fractionalization of a Linear Operator L p. 528 Fractional Paradigm and Electromagnetic Multipoles p. 529 Fractional Paradigm and Electrostatic Image Methods for Perfectly Conducting Wedges and Cones p. 536 Fractional Paradigm in Wave Propagation p. 540 Fractionalization of the Duality Principle in Electromagnetism p. 543 Summary p. 547 Appendix p. 547 References p. 548 Spherical-Multipole Analysis in Electromagnetics p. 553 Introduction p. 553 Sphero-Conal Coordinates p. 556 Spherical-Multipole Analysis of Scalar Fields p. 558 Scalar Spherical-Multipole Expansion in Sphero-Conal Coordinates p. 558 Scalar Orthogonality Relations p. 565 Scalar Green's Functions in Sphero-Conal Coordinates p. 567 Spherical-Multipole Analysis of Electromagnetic Fields p. 568 Vector Spherical-Multipole Expansion of Solenoidal Electromagnetic Fields p. 568 Vector Orthogonality Relations p. 571 Dyadic Green's Functions in Sphero-Conal Coordinates p. 576 Plane Electromagnetic Waves in Sphero-Conal Coordinates p. 581 Applications in Electrical Engineering p. 584 Electromagnetic Scattering by a PEC Semi-Infinite Elliptic Cone p. 584 Electromagnetic Scattering by a PEC Finite Elliptic Cone p. 587 Shielding Properties of a Loaded Spherical Shell with an Elliptic Aperture p. 594 Solutions of the Vector Helmholtz Equation p. 599 Paths of Integration for the Eigenfunction Expansion of the Dyadic Green's Function p. 602 The Euler Summation Technique p. 604 References p. 606 Numerical Methods A Systematic Study of Perfectly Matched Absorbers p. 609 Introduction p. 609 Systematic Derivation of the Equations Governing Perfectly Matched Absorbers p. 612 Different PML Realizations for a TM Model Problem p. 613 Cartesian Mesh Truncations and Corner Regions p. 617 Example of FEM Implementation of the Cartesian PML p. 619 Interpretation of the Cartesian PML in Terms of Complex Coordinate Stretching p. 620 PMLs in Curvilinear Coordinates p. 622 Causality and Static PMLs p. 624 Constitutive Relations of a Causal PML p. 625 Non-Causal PML Media p. 627 Static PMLs p. 629 Reciprocity in Perfectly Matched Absorbers p. 632 Verification of Reciprocity in the Anisotropic and Bianisotropic Realizations p. 632 Example of a Non-Reciprocal PML p. 636 Conclusion p. 638 References p. 639 Fast Calculation of Interconnect Capacitances Using the Finite Difference Model Applied In Conjunction with the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) Approach for Mesh Truncation p. 644 Introduction p. 644 Finite Difference Mesh Truncation by Means of Anisotropic Dielectric Layers p. 646 Perfectly Matched Layers for Mesh Truncation in Electrostatics p. 647 [alpha]-Technique for FD Mesh Truncation p. 649 Wraparound Technique for Mesh Truncation p. 652 Two-Step Calculation Method p. 653 Numerical Results p. 654 Microstrip Line Over a Conducting Plane p. 654 Coupled Microstrip Bends Over a Conducting Plane p. 655 Crossover p. 655 Combinations of Bends and Crossovers Above a Conducting Plane p. 659 Two-Comb Structure Over a Ground Plane p. 662 Efficient Computation of Interconnect Capacitances Using the Domain Decomposition Approach p. 662 Conclusion p. 665 References p. 665 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methodologies for Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Complex Media p. 666 Introduction p. 666 Maxwell's Equations and Complex Media p. 667 FDTD Method p. 669 Non-Dispersive, Anisotropic Media p. 671 Cold Plasma p. 674 Direct Integration Method One: CP-DIM1 p. 675 Direct Integration Method Two: CP-DIM2 p. 676 Direct Integration Method Three: CP-DIM3 p. 676 Direct Integration Method Four: CP-DIM4 p. 677 Direct Integration Method Five: CP-DIM5 p. 677 Recursive Convolution Method One: CP-RCM1 p. 677 Recursive Convolution Method Two: CP-RCM2 p. 679 Comparative Analysis p. 680 Magnetoionic Media p. 682 Isotropic, Collisionless Warm Plasma p. 683 Debye Dielectric p. 686 Direct Integration Method One: D-DIM1 p. 687 Direct Integration Method Two: D-DIM2 p. 688 Direct Integration Method Three: D-DIM3 p. 689 Recursive Convolution Method One: D-RCM1 p. 689 Recursive Convolution Method Two: D-RCM2 p. 690 Comparative Analysis p. 690 Parameter Selection p. 692 Lorentz Dielectric p. 693 Direct Integration Method One: L-DIM1 p. 694 Direct Integration Method Two: L-DIM2 p. 695 Direct Integration Method Three: L-DIM3 p. 695 Recursive Convolution Method One: L-RCM1 p. 696 Recursive Convolution Method Two: L-RCM2 p. 696 Comparative Analysis p. 697 Numerical Results p. 698 Magnetic Ferrites p. 699 Nonlinear Dispersive Media p. 702 Summary p. 704 References p. 705 A New Computational Electromagnetics Method Based on Discrete Mathematics p. 708 Introduction p. 708 The Fitzgerald Mechanical Model p. 710 Extension to Debye Materials p. 713 The Simulation of General Ponderable Media p. 721 Non-Linear Dielectrics p. 721 How Should Moving Ponderable Media be Modeled? p. 723 Collisions Between Pulses and Objects p. 726 Conclusion p. 729 References p. 730 Glossary p. 731 Artificial Bianisotropic Composites p. 732 Introduction p. 732 Chiral Media and Omega Media p. 734 Classification of Bianisotropic Composites p. 734 Constitutive Equations and Electromagnetic Properties of Chiral Media p. 735 Wave Propagation in Chiral Materials p. 738 Field Equations for Uniaxial Omega Regions p. 741 Plane Eigenwaves, Propagation Factors, and Wave Impedances of Omega Media p. 741 Electromagnetic Scattering by Chiral Objects and Medium Modeling p. 743 Baseline to Model Bianisotropic Composites p. 743 Analytical Integral Equation Method for a Standard Helix p. 743 Numerical Integral Equation Method Using the Thin-Wire Approximation p. 744 Dipole Representation and Equivalent Polarizabilities for Chiral Scatterers p. 748 Analytical Antenna Model for Canonical Chiral Objects and Omega Scatterers p. 750 Composite Modeling: Effective Medium Parameters p. 754 Reflection and Transmission in Chiral and Omega Slabs: Applications p. 756 Continuity Problems with a Chiral Medium p. 756 Properties of a Single Slab p. 760 Properties of a Chiral Dallenbach Screen p. 764 Reflection and Transmission in Uniaxial Omega Slabs p. 765 Zero-Reflection Condition. Omega Slabs on Metal Surface p. 766 Future Developments and Applications p. 767 References p. 769 Index p. 771 About the Editors p. 785 Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.
기본정보
ISBN | 9780780347014 ( 0780347013 ) |
---|---|
발행(출시)일자 | 1999년 12월 10일 |
쪽수 | 814쪽 |
크기 |
188 * 262
* 51
mm
/ 1574 g
|
총권수 | 1권 |
언어 | 영어 |
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