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ISBN |
9780071437899(0071437894) |
Âʼö |
308ÂÊ |
¾ð¾î |
English |
Å©±â |
155(W) X 229(H) X 21(T) (mm) |
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0005/E 5 |
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Paperback |
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1±Ç |
Textual Format |
Reference |
¸®µùÁö¼ö Level |
Scholarly/Undergraduate |
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CUT THROUGH THE COMPLEXITIES OF MEDICAL STUDIES Enhance your understanding and utilization of the information in medical journals with Stephen Gehlbach's Interpreting the Medical Literature, Fifth Edition. Written in a clear and entertaining style, this popular guide cuts through the complex language of research studies and makes reading medical publications a rewarding and pleasurable experience. IMPROVE YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF VITAL RESEARCH Comprehend medical literature and evaluate the significance of any study Read research reports more quickly and easily Make sense of dense, scientific prose Learn about study design, measurement, statistical analysis, and interpretation Sharpen your analytical skills on current and classic medical studies Reinforce your knowledge of concepts with examples from actual medical literature New to the Fifth Edition: a chapter on how to interpret conflicting studies; expanded discussions of meta-analysis and developing consensus; updated figures and charts
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Preface ix
CHAPTER ONE Tasting an Article 1(12)
Reasons to Read 3(2)
The Bones of an Article 5(3)
Approaching an Article 8(5)
CHAPTER TWO Study Design: General Considerations 13(18)
Descriptive Studies 14(3)
Explanatory Studies 17(9)
More Confusing Terminology 26(3)
Summary 29(2)
CHAPTER THREE Study Design: The Case-Control Approach 31(24)
Advantages of the Case-Control Design 32(1)
Problems of Case-Control Designs 33(18)
Summary 51(4)
CHAPTER FOUR Study Design: The Cross-Sectional and Follow-up Approaches 55(24)
Cross-Sectional Designs 57(12)
Follow-up Studies 69(7)
Summary 76(3)
CHAPTER FIVE Study Design: The Experimental Approach 79(32)
Enrollment: Who Gets In 81(7)
Allocation: Sorting Subjects & Controls 88(8)
Follow-up 96(6)
Analysis 102(4)
Scope 106(1)
Summary 107(4)
CHAPTER SIX Study Design: Variations 111(18)
Real-World Considerations 112(3)
Practical Constraints 115(9)
Ethical Concerns 124(2)
Summary 126(3)
CHAPTER SEVEN Making Measurements 129(16)
Reliability & Validity 130(1)
Variability of the Unsystematic Sort 130(3)
Systematic Error 133(6)
Reducing Measurement Error 139(4)
Summary 143(2)
CHAPTER EIGHT Analysis: Statistical Significance 145(16)
Inference 146(1)
Sampling Variability 147(1)
The Null Hypothesis & Statistical Significance 148(1)
Some Problems of Statistical Significance 149(5)
Beta Errors & Statistical Power 154(3)
Confidence Intervals 157(1)
Summary 158(3)
CHAPTER NINE Analysis: Some Statistical Tests 161(16)
Tests for Categorical Data 163(3)
Tests for Continuous Data 166(2)
Correlation 168(4)
Regression 172(3)
Summary 175(2)
CHAPTER TEN Interpretation: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value 177(26)
Prevalence 183(3)
Making Choices 186(1)
Likelihood Ratios 187(5)
ROC Curves 192(1)
Modeling 193(2)
Spectrum 195(2)
Standards 197(2)
Summary 199(4)
CHAPTER ELEVEN Interpretation: Risk 203(22)
Expressing Statements of Risk 204(9)
Risk Differences 213(3)
Balancing Risks 216(2)
Costs & Benefits 218(5)
Summary 223(2)
CHAPTER TWELVE Interpretation: Causes 225(22)
Confounding 226(3)
Dealing with Confounding 229(8)
Making Associations into Causes 237(7)
Summary 244(3)
CHAPTER THIRTEEN Case Series, Editorials, and Reviews 247(20)
Case Series 248(8)
Editorials & Letters to the Editor 256(2)
Reviews 258(6)
Summary 264(3)
CHAPTER FOURTEEN A Final Word 267(12)
Clarity 268(2)
Apologies, Tentative Conclusions, Self-Criticism, & the Like 270(1)
Critical Assistance 271(4)
The Final Word 275(1)
Summary 276(3)
Index 279
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